Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana e like me ka hao a me ke kila, ka ʻoihana petrochemical, nā moku a me ka mana uila, nā hale welded e ulu aʻe i ke ala o ka nui-nui, ka nui a me ka kiʻekiʻe-parameter, a ke hana nei kekahi i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. cryogenic, corrosive media a me nā kaiapuni ʻē aʻe.
No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā kila waena a me nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe, nā kila ikaika nui, a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau māka kila a me nā mea hoʻohui, nui nā pilikia hou i lawe ʻia mai i ka hana welding, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau a koʻikoʻi loa ka welding māwae.
ʻIke ʻia nā māwae i kekahi manawa i ka wā wili a i kekahi manawa i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana, i kapa ʻia nā māwae lohi.No ka mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ia mau māwae i ka hana ʻana, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ia mau māwae.Nui nā ʻano māwae i hana ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana kuʻi.Wahi a ka noiʻi o kēia manawa, e like me ke ʻano o nā māwae, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻelima:
1. māwae wela
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā māwae wela ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe i ka wā wili, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau māwae wela.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka metala e welded, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano, ka pae wela a me nā kumu nui o nā māwae wela.No laila, ua māhele ʻia nā māwae wela i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: nā māwae crystallization, nā māwae liquefaction a me nā māwae polygonal.
1. Nā māwae aniani
Ma ka hope o ka crystallization, ka wai kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hana ʻia e ka haʻahaʻa leo eutectic e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka pilina ma waena o nā kīʻaha, a hiki mai nā māwae ma lalo o ka hana o ke koʻikoʻi tensile.
Loaʻa ia i ka welds o ke kila kalapona a me ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe (ka mea kiʻekiʻe o ka sulfur, phosphorus, hao, kalapona, a me ke silikoni) a me nā welds o ke kila austenitic single-phase, nickel-based alloys a me kekahi mau alumini alumini. waena.I kēlā me kēia hihia, hiki nō hoʻi nā māwae crystalline i loko o ka ʻāpana wela.
2. High wela liquefaction māwae
Ma lalo o ka hana o ka wela kiʻekiʻe o ka welding thermal pōʻaiapuni, remelting i waena o ka wela-pili wahi a me na papa o ka multi-layer kuʻihao, a me nā māwae ma lalo o ka hana o ke kaumaha.
Loaʻa ia i nā kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ka chromium a me ka nickel, austenitic steels, a me kekahi mau nickel-based alloys ma kahi kokoke i kahi seam a i ʻole ma waena o nā welds multi-layer.Ke kiʻekiʻe ka maʻiʻo o ka sulfur, phosphorus a me ke kalapona silika i ka metala kumu a me ka uea kuʻi, e piʻi nui ka manaʻo o ka liquefaction cracking.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-18-2022