ʻAi ʻAi Paʻa Paʻa
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui nui he keleawe, chromium a me molybdenum.Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai piha maikaʻi a kūpaʻa i nā ʻano ʻino a me ke koʻikoʻi.ʻO ka noi mua loa (i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1905) he nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloy, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Monel alloy (Monel alloy Ni 70 Cu30);Eia kekahi, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy (ʻo ia hoʻi, nickel-based heat-resistant alloy) , nā mea hoʻoheheʻe pale i ka wela i ka corrosion-resistant alloys, nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) alloys (nui. pili iā Hastelloy B series), nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys (e pili ana i ka Hastelloy C series), etc.
I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nickel maʻemaʻe kekahi mea hōʻailona maʻamau o nā alloys kūʻē i ka nickel-based corrosion-resistant.Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau nickel-based corrosion alloys i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka corrosion e like me ka petroleum, kemika, a me ka mana uila.
Loa'a ka nui o ka austenite i nā mea ho'ohehe'e kū'ē i ka nikela.Ma ke kūlana o ka hoʻonā paʻa a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wā kahiko, aia kekahi mau ʻāpana intermetallic a me nā carbonitrides metala ma ka austenite matrix a me nā palena palaoa o ka alloy.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana corrosion-resistant e like me kā lākou mau ʻāpana a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona penei:
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka hui Ni-Cu ma mua o ka nickel i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka waena, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kūpaʻa ʻana ma mua o ke keleawe ma ka oxidizing medium.ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa no nā waikawa (e nānā i ka Metal Corrosion).
ʻO ka huila Ni-Cr he mea hoʻoheheʻe wela hoʻi i ka nickel;Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā kūlana oxidizing medium.He kūpaʻa ia i ka wela wela a me ka corrosion o nā kinoea i loaʻa ka sulfur a me ka vanadium, a hoʻonui ʻia kona kūpaʻa corrosion me ka piʻi ʻana o ka chromium content.ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻohui pū kekahi me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka hydroxide (e like me NaOH, KOH) i ka corrosion a me ke koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā alloys Ni-Mo ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka corrosion medium.ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i ka waika hydrochloric, akā i ke alo o ka oxygen a me nā oxidants, e emi nui ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
Loaʻa i ka hui Ni-Cr-Mo (W) nā waiwai o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe o ka alloy Ni-Cr a me ka alloy Ni-Mo.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka oxidation-reduction mixed medium.He maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ia mau mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka hydrogen fluoride kiʻekiʻe, i loko o ka waika hydrochloric a me ka waika hydrofluoric i loaʻa ka oxygen a me nā oxidants, a i loko o ke kinoea chlorine pulu ma ka lumi wela.Hiki i ka alloy Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu ke pale aku i ka nitric acid a me ka sulfuric acid corrosion, a he maikaʻi hoʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion i kekahi mau oxidative-reductive hui ʻia.