ʻAi ʻAi Paʻa Paʻa
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui nui he keleawe, chromium a me molybdenum. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai piha maikaʻi a kūpaʻa i nā ʻano ʻino a me ke koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka noi mua loa (i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1905) he nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloy, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Monel alloy (Monel alloy Ni 70 Cu30); Eia kekahi, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy (ʻo ia hoʻi, nickel-based heat-resistant alloy) , nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūʻokoʻa i ka wela i loko o nā ʻāpana corrosion-resistant), nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) alloys (nui. pili iā Hastelloy B series), nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys (e pili ana i ka Hastelloy C series), etc.
I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nickel maʻemaʻe kekahi mea hōʻailona maʻamau o nā alloys kūʻē i ka nickel-based corrosion-resistant. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau nickel-based corrosion alloys i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka corrosion e like me ka petroleum, kemika, a me ka mana uila.
Loa'a ka nui o ka austenite i nā mea ho'ohehe'e kū'ē i ka nikela. Ma ke kūlana o ka hoʻonā paʻa a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wā kahiko, aia kekahi mau ʻāpana intermetallic a me nā carbonitrides metala ma ka austenite matrix a me nā palena palaoa o ka alloy. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana corrosion-resistant e like me kā lākou mau ʻāpana a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona penei:
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka Ni-Cu alloy ma mua o ka nickel i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka waena, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kūpaʻa corrosion ma mua o ke keleawe ma ka oxidizing medium. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa no nā waikawa (e nānā i ka Metal Corrosion).
ʻO ka huila Ni-Cr he mea hoʻoheheʻe wela hoʻi i ka nickel; Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā kūlana oxidizing medium. He kūpaʻa ia i ke kiʻekiʻe wela o ka oxidation a me ka corrosion o nā kinoea i loaʻa ka sulfur a me ka vanadium, a hoʻonui ʻia kona kūpaʻa corrosion me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike chromium. ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻohui pū kekahi me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka hydroxide (e like me NaOH, KOH) i ka corrosion a me ke koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā alloys Ni-Mo ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka corrosion medium. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i ka waika hydrochloric, akā i ke alo o ka oxygen a me nā oxidants, hoʻemi nui ke kūpaʻa corrosion.
Loaʻa i ka hui Ni-Cr-Mo (W) nā waiwai o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe o ka alloy Ni-Cr a me ka alloy Ni-Mo. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka oxidation-reduction mixed medium. He maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ia mau alloys i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrogen fluoride, i loko o ka waika hydrochloric a me nā waika hydrofluoric i loaʻa i ka oxygen a me nā oxidants, a i loko o ke kinoea chlorine pulu ma ka lumi wela. Hiki i ka alloy Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu ke pale aku i ka nitric acid a me ka sulfuric acid corrosion, a he maikaʻi hoʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion i kekahi mau ʻakika hui oxidative-reductive.