ʻO ka huila ʻana o Titanium Alloy
ʻO ka hana mua o ka titanium alloy ka hoʻomohala kūleʻa o Ti-6Al-4V alloy ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1954, no kona kūpaʻa wela, ikaika, plasticity, paʻakikī, formability, weld hiki, corrosion resistance a me ka biocompatibility maikaʻi, a lilo i ka ace alloy i ka ʻoihana titanium alloy, ua helu ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alloy no 75% ~ 85% o nā alloy titanium āpau. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea hao titanium ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi ʻana o nā alloys Ti-6Al-4V.
I nā makahiki 1950 a me 1960, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka titanium alloy kiʻekiʻe no ka aero-engine a me ka titanium alloy no ke kino. I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi pūʻulu o ka titanium alloy pale corrosion. Mai ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻomohala hou ʻia ka titanium alloy a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana lawelawe o ka titanium alloy heat-resistant mai 400 ℃ i ka makahiki 1950 a i 600 ~ 650 ℃ i ka makahiki 1990.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o A2(Ti3Al) a me r (TiAl) kumu hoʻohui i hana i ka titanium i loko o ka ʻenekini mai ka hopena anu o ka ʻenekini (fan a compressor) a i ka wela wela o ka ʻenekini (turbine) kuhikuhi. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana titanium i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka plastic kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka modulus kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomanawanui pōʻino kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo e like me Ti-Ni, Ti-Ni-Fe a me Ti-Ni-Nb mai ka makahiki 1970 a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻenekinia.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā haneli o ka titanium alloys i ka honua, me 20 a 30 o nā mea kaulana loa, e like me Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti-Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, SP-700, Ti-6242, Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1023, BT9, BT20, IMI829, IMI834, etc. He isomer ka Titanium, he 1668 ℃ , Ma lalo o 882 ℃ i loko o ka hoʻolālā hexagonal lattice paʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo αtitanium; Ma luna aʻe o 882 ℃, ua kapa ʻia ke kino-centered cubic lattice structure β-titanium.
Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o nā hale ʻelua o ka titanium, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui kūpono e hoʻololi i ka mahana o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pae a me ka ʻāpana hapa o nā ʻāpana titanium e hoʻololi lohi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā alloying titanium me nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Ma ka lumi wela, ʻekolu mau ʻano o ka matrix alloy titanium, ua māhele ʻia ka titanium alloy i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: α alloy, (α+β) alloy a me β alloy. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Kina e TA, TC a me TB.ʻO ia kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana hoʻokahi i haku ʻia me ka hopena paʻa α-phase, inā ma ka wela maʻamau a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana, he α phase, hale paʻa, ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa o ka lole ma mua o ka titanium maʻemaʻe. Ma lalo o ka mahana o 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃, mālama mau ʻia kona ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka mālama wela, a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe kona ikaika ma ka lumi wela.